California - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. State of California. Nickname(s): The Golden State. Motto(s): Eureka. ![]() Senators. Dianne Feinstein (D)Barbara Boxer (D)U. S. House delegation. Democrats, 1. 4 Republicans (list)Time zones. ![]() Pacific Time Zone . It is also the third most extensive by area. Los Angeles, in Southern California, is the state's most populous city and the country's second largest after New York City. California also includes the nation's most populous county, Los Angeles County, and the largest county by area, San Bernardino County. Geographically located in the western part of the United States, California is bordered by the other United States states of Oregon to the north, Nevada to the east, and Arizona to the southeast. California shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California to the south and the Pacific Ocean is on the state's western coastline. The state capital is Sacramento, which is located in the northern part of the state. A majority of California's cities are located in either the San Francisco Bay Area or the Sacramento metropolitan area in Northern California; or the Los Angeles area, the Riverside- San Bernardino- Inland Empire, or the San Diego metropolitan area in Southern California. What is now California was first settled by various Native American tribes before being explored by a number of European expeditions during the 1. It was then claimed by the Spanish Empire as part of Alta California in the larger territory of New Spain. California - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Nickname(s): The Golden State. California ABC License,ABC License Application. Application,Requirements For Liquor License,One Day. Learn more about type 40 California liquor lic. California Liquor License . ABC Service 133 views. Alta California became a part of Mexico in 1. United States in 1. Mexican. The western portion of Alta California was organized as the State of California, which was admitted as the 3. September 9, 1. 85. The California Gold Rush starting in 1. California's diverse geography ranges from the Sierra Nevada in the east to the Pacific Coast in the west, from the redwood. The center of the state is dominated by the Central Valley, a major agricultural area. California contains both the highest point (Mount Whitney) and the lowest point (Death Valley) in the contiguous United States. Earthquakes are common because of the state's location along the Pacific Ring of Fire. About 3. 7,0. 00 earthquakes are recorded each year, but most are too small to be felt. The state's economy is centered on finance, government, real estate services, technology, and professional, scientific and technical business services; together comprising 5. They were robust of body with strong passionate hearts and great virtue. The island itself is one of the wildest in the world on account of the bold and craggy rocks. Shortened forms of the state's name include CA, Cal., Calif. Various estimates of the native population range from 1. California groups also were diverse in their political organization with bands, tribes, villages, and on the resource- rich coasts, large chiefdoms, such as the Chumash, Pomo and Salinan. Trade, intermarriage and military alliances fostered many social and economic relationships among the diverse groups. The first European effort to explore the coast as far north as the Russian River was a Spanish sailing expedition, led by Portuguese captain Juan Rodr. Some 3. 7 years later English explorer Francis Drake also explored and claimed an undefined portion of the California coast in 1. Spanish traders made unintended visits with the Manila galleons on their return trips from the Philippines beginning in 1. That depiction appeared on many European maps well into the 1. During the same period, Spanish military forces built several forts (presidios) and three small towns (pueblos). Two of the pueblos grew into the cities of Los Angeles and San Jose.
The Spanish colonization brought the genocide of the indigenous Californian peoples. Imperial Russia explored the California coast and established a trading post at Fort Ross. Its early 1. 9th- century coastal settlements north of San Francisco Bay constituted the southernmost Russian colony in North America and were spread over an area stretching from Point Arena to Tomales Bay. After Mexican independence from Spain, the chain of missions became the property of the Mexican government and were secularized by 1. These new arrivals used the Siskiyou Trail, California Trail, Oregon Trail and Old Spanish Trail to cross the rugged mountains and harsh deserts in and surrounding California. ![]() Between 1. 83. 1 and 1. California experienced a series of revolts against Mexico. After failing to obtain justice against squatters on his land from the Mexican courts, he determined that California should become part of the United States. Marsh conducted a letter- writing campaign espousing the California climate, soil and other reasons to settle there, as well as the best route to follow, which became known as . Afterwards, rebels raised the Bear Flag (featuring a bear, a star, a red stripe and the words . The Republic's only president was William B. Sloat of the United States Navy sailed into Monterey Bay and began the military occupation of California by the United States, Northern California capitulated in less than a month to the United States forces. The lightly populated lower region of California, the Baja Peninsula, remained in the possession of Mexico. In 1. 84. 6 the non- native population of California was estimated to be no more than 8,0. Native Americans down from about 3. Hispanic settlement in 1. By 1. 85. 4 over 3. And although California entered the union as a free state, the . Between 1. 85. 0 and 1. California paid around 1. In later decades, the native population was placed in reservations and rancherias, which were often small and isolated and without enough natural resources or funding from the government to sustain the populations living on them. Several scholars and Native American activists, including Benjamin Madley and Ed Castillo, have described the actions of the California government as a genocide. The United States consulate was also located in Monterey, under consul Thomas O. Larkin. In 1. 84. Constitutional Convention was first held in Monterey. Among the tasks was a decision on a location for the new state capital. The first legislative sessions were held in San Jose (1. Subsequent locations included Vallejo (1. The capital has been located in Sacramento since 1. A more direct connection came in 1. First Transcontinental Railroad through Donner Pass in the Sierra Nevada mountains. Once completed, hundreds of thousands of United States citizens came west, where new Californians were discovering that land in the state, if irrigated during the dry summer months, was extremely well suited to fruit cultivation and agriculture in general. Vast expanses of wheat, other cereal crops, vegetable crops, cotton, and nut and fruit trees were grown (including oranges in Southern California), and the foundation was laid for the state's prodigious agricultural production in the Central Valley and elsewhere. Hollywood film studios, 1. Migration to California accelerated during the early 2. Lincoln Highway and Route 6. In the period from 1. Union. In 1. 94. 0, the Census Bureau reported California's population as 6. Hispanic, 2. 4% Asian, and 8. Hispanic white. The state government also adopted the California Master Plan for Higher Education in 1. Meanwhile, attracted to the mild Mediterranean climate, cheap land, and the state's wide variety of geography, filmmakers established the studio system in Hollywood in the 1. California manufactured 8. United States military armaments produced during World War II, ranking third (behind New York and Michigan) among the 4. This is often referred to by the media as the California exodus. The 1. 90. 6 San Francisco earthquake and 1. St. Francis Dam flood remain the deadliest in U. S history. The Central Valley is California's productive agricultural heartland. Divided in two by the Sacramento- San Joaquin River Delta, the northern portion, the Sacramento Valley serves as the watershed of the Sacramento River, while the southern portion, the San Joaquin Valley is the watershed for the San Joaquin River. Both valleys derive their names from the rivers that flow through them. With dredging, the Sacramento and the San Joaquin Rivers have remained deep enough for several inland cities to be seaports. The Sacramento- San Joaquin River Delta is a critical water supply hub for the state. Water is diverted from the delta and through an extensive network of pumps and canals that traverse nearly the length of the state, to the Central Valley and the State Water Projects and other needs. Water from the Delta provides drinking water for nearly 2. San Joaquin Valley. The Channel Islands are located off the Southerncoast. The Sierra Nevada (Spanish for . In the western part of the state is Clear Lake, the largest freshwater lake by area entirely in California. Though Lake Tahoe is larger, it is divided by the California/Nevada border. The Sierra Nevada falls to Arctic temperatures in winter and has several dozen small glaciers, including Palisade Glacier, the southernmost glacier in the United States. About 4. 5 percent of the state's total surface area is covered by forests. California contains more forestland than any other state except Alaska. Many of the trees in the California White Mountains are the oldest in the world; an individual bristlecone pine is over 5,0. The south- central desert is called the Mojave; to the northeast of the Mojave lies Death Valley, which contains the lowest and hottest place in North America, the Badwater Basin at . Indeed, almost all of southeastern California is arid, hot desert, with routine extreme high temperatures during the summer. The southeastern border of California with Arizona is entirely formed by the Colorado River, from which the southern part of the state gets about half of its water. Along the California coast are several major metropolitan areas, including the Greater Los Angeles Area, the San Francisco Bay Area, and the San Diego metropolitan area.
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